Islamic resources speak about sublime altitude of mosque as a socio-cultural institution. By enjoyment of various functions, this place has provided the causes of the development of Islamic culture and civilization from early Islam till now, therefore, providing the recognition of the mosque and its congregation imam, the causes of Islamic culture's enrichment in different scientific, didactic, devotional and social aspects can be achieved. These functions in the scientific-didactic dimension consist of holding regular religious courses and meetings to respond to questions and doubts of faith, providing a place for teens and youth leisure, training of conditions and how to implement of enjoining good and forbidding wrong, publishing the provisions of business and trade for the enjoyment of the Islamic market. Beside, in the devotional dimension, the mosque is a suitable place to remember Allah, set up religious fundamentals and collective worship. Also in the social dimension, this place can play its role as an effective doss for social unity, solving the problems of the poor, stabilization of family's fundament, peace of heart and mental health.

Congregation prayer is a ritual bringing humans closer to God. However, it also has a social aspect, breeding empowerment and unity among Muslims. One pillar of congregational prayer is an Imam who leads the prayers. The Holy Legislator has specified some conditions for the Imam. One such requirement agreed upon by most latter Islamic Jurisprudents is the condition of justice. The findings indicate that the renowned majority of the latter Islamic jurisprudents regard the requirement of justice for the congregation Imam as immutable. However, their arguments fail to establish this claim. Due to the alleged consensus, the Islamic jurisprudents have paid scant attention to this subject. Instead, they merely cite the purported consensus and mention the relevant narratives from the Islamic tradition. Nevertheless, a comprehensive critique of the relevant arguments and proving this hypothesis would at least alleviate some religious people’s obsession with meeting these conditions, helping congregation prayer further flourish.

Background: Islam is an important social provision with regard to the benefits and effects of unification, assembly and integration, in many religious programs focused on this aspect of prayer is the most beautiful example of unity of Muslims. Materials and Methods: This paper studies and discusses the factors affecting students' orientation to prayer. This study Social Survey, based on a questionnaire, the Cronbach alpha reliability based on data and information on the population, have been collected. The study consisted of all students of Kashan university. Cochran sampling formula was studied using 504 cases as the sample size which determined using a random sampling method. Results: Multivariate regression analysis showed that the tendency to prayer directly affected by religious variables (Beta=0. 31), Meet faith and prayer (Beta=0. 29), the quantity and quality meetings in the mosque (Beta=0. 16) and the appropriateness of the mosque (Beta=0. 13) was in total. These variables could explain 34 percent of variance tends to congregational prayer (R2=0. 34). The path analysis, the most direct impact on the variable prayers of friends tend to have prayers, and then variables familiarity with prayer and religious belief in general have the greatest impact on the dependent variable. Conclusion: In this study, four variables of religiosity, familiarity with prayer, quantity and quality of meetings in mosque and suitable space of mosque to education have the highest impact on students' participation in congregation prayer.

Objectives: Common denominator of all religions, human need to worship God and prayer is the most important element in all religions. Prayer is a personal matter between individual and God. But the Islamic approach emphasis is on congregational prayers .this study aims to determine the factors affecting the students’ participation in mass prayer ceremonies at shaheed Saddoghee medical Sciences University of Yazd. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study is cross-sectional. Stratified random sampling and sample size was 230. The data collection tool is questionnaire consisting demographic and 25 questions about the encouraging factors & inhibitors students to participate in mass prayer. The self-report questionnaire was completed and data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS version 16. Results: The results of the study indicate that 83.5% of university students participate in mass prayers and average scores of encouraging factors to participate in mass prayers are as follow: announcing the call of prayers: 0.90±3.04, believing in compensation and the spiritual reward in prayer: 0.93±2.98, call-to prayer attraction: 0.94±2.79, parents attention and their participation in prayers: 1.05±2.86 and effecting Factors on not participating in congregational prayers are the lack of familiarity with the laws and customs of prayer :0.95±2.75, coinciding prayers with classroom hours: 1.12±2.66 and food distribution hour coinciding with prayers:1.06±2.30. The results of the paper shows significant differences between Inhibitory effects of participation in prayers and participating in mass prayers (P=0.009 T=7.02). Conclusion: The authors of the research conclude announcing the call of prayers in educational environments have the greatest impact on the students for participating in mass prayers and not being familiar with the laws and customs of prayer have the greatest impact on the students for not participating in congregation prayers .the article indicate the that necessity of introducing the laws and customs of prayer to the students. Also, more efforts should be made to remove the barriers in prayer participation.

mulla Sadra, on the basis of the principality of existence, the unity of the dubiety and the substantial movement and Ibn Arabi, on the basis of the unity of existence, believe in congregation in the meaning of the distinct manifestation of interiors of creatures such as plant, animal, and human in the resurrection and after death on the vast earth that deserves the manifestation of divine light and the angels and prophets’ intuition that they bring together all creatures and creatures in different groups. They also believe that the distinct manifestation of interiors in congregation is due to this fact that the interiors of creatures are the result of acts effect and also acts originating from the sensual uses (passion), which these goals as a result of repetition of acts which penetrate to the inside and outside achievemently. Mulla Sadra has been greatly influenced by Ibn al-Arabi in expressing and commenting on congregation positions such as intercession and path, so that in his writings there is no new talk except the expression of philosophical terms and arguments, but in contrast to such debates; the debates as well as various groups of people in congregation, the position of the Resurrection and auditing, apart from the limited influence he has received from Ibn Arabi, has given many new and detailed views in the form of philosophical arguments, and about transpiration position he is the only one describing it.

The article deals with influencing factors of students' participation in campus congregation prayer. Out of 1400 students, 300 were selected as subjects of the study, and were asked to answer questionnaires, the result of which is as follows:There is a direct link between the staff participation, how to pray instruction, and students' participation.There is a close link between the place, time and physical surrounding of performing the ritual and students' participation.There is a direct link between the status of Imam (prayer leader) as a cleric and encouraging students to participate.

Collecting and analyzing Imam Ali’s sermons of Friday prayers and feasts is the main purpose of this paper.17 sermons have been collected. These sermons are mainly taken from old Shi`I and Sunni hadith sources. In this paper authors also deal with figurative language used in sermons, length and content analysis of sermons and describe important features of these sermons. Some statements of sermons are repeatedly found in the whole body of these sermons which is an indication of importance attached to them by Imam Ali, peace be upon him. Some other topics of this paper are: Imam Ali’s efforts in holding Friday prayers in congregation, events and circumstances which caused the formation of these sermons, number of sermons, literature of sermons and etc.

The infallible Imams have been selected religious leaders for the human society, who explained the message of the divine prophets and were guides for people. A large of part of their efforts has been devoted to the cultural development of their own era. After Imams passed the ups and downs of the aftermath of the death of Prophet Muhammad, and after Imam Reza accepted the role of the Crown Prince of Al-Ma’mun and Imam’s martyrdom until the absence of Imam Mahdi, the ninth, tenth, and eleventh imams played this important role. The present article purports to examine the cultural polices of these Imams in this period.This research has collected the necessary information based on documentary and library methods, and has analyzed it in accordance with the cyclic model of policymaking. According to this model, analyzing the cultural policies involves identifying the problem, designing and selecting the ploy, and finally evaluating that policy. The cultural issues of this era have been classified in three groups: the issues of caliphate, the issues of public culture, and the issues of Shiite culture. Then, the cultural policies of the Imams of this era have been analyzed. These policies have influenced the fundamental layers of culture (beliefs and values) as well as the behavioral layers.

In many historical periods, the Iranian society consisted of three communities: urban, rural, and tribal. The three communities were divided into three different lifestyles: rural, urban, and tribal, due to factors such as lack of livelihood facilities and security issues. In the Nadir Shah period, Iranian triple community divided to many local congregations such as district, clan and military clusters. Such congregations create a structural dichotomy encompass to separate the lords from townspeople till governmental relationship hierarchy. Due to this problem, this article seeks to find answers to this question: what linkages exist between local congregations with governmental relationship hierarchy in the reign of Nadir Shah? In order to answer this question, this paper by using the historical method with data collection library of the primary and famous sources to describe the position and the role of different congregations such as Congregation, security, tribe, military clusters and relationship hierarchy in determine the position and role of different communities in security the reign of Nadir Shah. Nadir Shah, in addition to integrating the members and structure of urban, rural, and tribal in his army, tried to consolidate his government by reinvigorating the rule of the Qirxli clan over other tribes, while securing society in different parts of the country. Nevertheless, his excesses in the provision of civilian posts and the army to Afshar commanders in the absence of a rival opposition to them provided the ground for the Weakening and overthrow of the rule of the Afshar ruler.